# Sermorelin References: The Cited GHRH(1-29) Literature

> The full reference list behind this Sermorelin digest — the pediatric and aging GH/IGF-1 trials, the pharmacokinetics, the sleep physiology, and the 2025 reviews, with DOIs and PubMed links.

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of these studies. Author, journal, year, and a resolvable DOI or PubMed link for each.

## How to read this list

The references below are the published studies and reviews cited across this digest, numbered to match the inline markers on each page. They span the pediatric efficacy trial, the adult aging-axis work, the pharmacokinetics, the sleep-endocrine physiology, the tesamorelin-analog cognition RCT, and the 2023-2025 reviews of GHRH and growth hormone in aging. Each entry carries a DOI or a PubMed (PMID) link so the source can be checked at first hand. This is an editorial reference list compiled from publicly available literature.

## References

[1] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. (synthesis of GHRH(1-29) receptor mechanism and pharmacology) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[2] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[3] Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329825/
[4] Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046908/
[5] Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1379256/
[6] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[7] Yuen KCJ, et al. Growth Hormone Secretagogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents to Restore Growth Hormone Secretion in Older Subjects to Those Observed in Young Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37325967/
[8] Bartke A, et al. Growth hormone and aging: a clinical review. Front Aging. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40260058/
[9] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[10] Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. NCT00257712. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869065/
[11] Giovannini S, et al. Modulation of GH/IGF-1 axis: potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008;129(10):593-601. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18762207/
[12] Thornton PL, et al. Chronic [D-Ala2]-growth hormone-releasing hormone administration attenuates age-related deficits in spatial memory. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55(2):B106-B112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10737685/
[13] Steiger A, et al. The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13(3):231-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3406323/
[14] Behrens S, et al. Blockade of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors dissociates nocturnal growth hormone secretion and slow-wave sleep. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;151(5):561-566. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15538933/
[15] Guldner J, Schier T, Friess E, et al. Reduced efficacy of growth hormone-releasing hormone in modulating sleep endocrine activity in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 1997;18(5):491-495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9390775/

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The sermorelin literature read along one calm horizon — each GH and IGF-1 figure carried back to its study, the formerly-approved-now-compounded history stated straight, and the open water where the adult anti-aging data stop left plainly unfilled; no clinic behind the tide and nothing here dispensed, dosed, or sold.